Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House - 1074 Words

Nasrin Pretty Ms. DeMarchi English IV - AP UCONN ECE Period 2 October 7, 2015 Ibsen’s Perspective on Women The Norwegian playwright and dramatist, Henrik Ibsen, wrote several plays on social drama where he opposed the accepted traditions of the nineteenth century. Some of his most famous plays on society versus women were A Doll’s House, Hedda Gabler, and Pillars of Society. Ibsen supported women and feminism, contrary to societal norms by creating strong women in the forms of Nora Helmer, Hedda Tesman, and Lona Hessel from his plays. In A Doll’s House, Ibsen introduces the main character, Nora Helmer, as an independent woman in order to present his view on society’s belief of how women should be housewives and should focus on their family rather than working. According to Michael Meyer, the character of Nora is a reaction to the denial of â€Å"the hoary problem of women’s rights† (Templeton). Nora’s character continuously attempts to be independent, rather than being dependent on her husband. She wants to be taken seriously, rather than being a doll in a doll’s house, at the disposal of her husband. For example, Nora says to her husband, Torvald, â€Å"If I’m ever to reach any understanding of myself†¦ I must learn to stand alone. That’s why I can’t stay here with you any longer† (Ibsen, A Doll’s House 81). By including the dialogue, Ibsen displays how women are strong and should be able to find their own identity without their hus bands oppressing them. The last few lines of theShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. Ibsen wrote this play in 1879, this is the era where women were obedient to men, tend the children until their husband came home, and stood by the Cult of DomesticityRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are notRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1291 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that has been written to withstand all time. In this play Ibsen highlights the importance of women’s rights. During the time period of the play these rights were neglected. Ibsen depicts the role of the woman was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband during the 19th century. Nora is the woman in A Doll House who plays is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsen s plays: The common denominator in many of IbsenRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1288 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independentRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"There is beauty in truth, even if it s painful. Those who lie, twist life so that it looks tasty to the lazy, brilliant to the ignorant, and powerful to the weak. But lies only strengthen our defects. They don t teach anything, help anything, fix anything or cure anything. Nor do they develop one s character, one s mind, one s heart or one s soul.† (Josà © N. Harris). Nora Helmer’s choice to lie and deceive is inappropriate and wrong for women to do to her husband during this time period; itRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1037 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House is a work of literature genius. This three-act play involves many literary technics that are undermined by the average reader such as the fact that the plot shows the main characters Torvald and his wife Nora live the perfect life. An ironic paradox based around the fact that Nora and Torvald’s relationship is the complete opposite of perfect. Also, bringing upon a conflict as well, appearance versus reality. These little hidden meanings within stories are what areRead MoreA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen examines conventional roles of men and women in the nineteenth century. In the play, Nora exemplifies the conventional feminine standard during that period. She seems to be powerless and confines herself through high standard expectations, demonstrating what the role of a women would be as a wife and mother. The protagonist of A Doll’s House is a woman named Nora Helmer. Ibsen shows how Nora’s design of perfect life gradually transforms when her sec ret unravels. InRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen876 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen A Doll’s House takes place in the home of Torvald and Nora Helmer. Through conversation with Nora’s good friend Kristine Linde it is revealed that Mr. Helmer was ill around the same time Nora’s father died. Luckily Nora’s father left her enough money that Torvald and Nora could go on a life saving trip to Italy. But the truth comes out when we find out Nora’s father did not leave her a penny. We find out that Nora got a hold of the money through a loan but she signedRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† was set in the Victorian era, a time where women were highly respected. Women in this time period did not work, they had nannies to take care of their children and maids to take care of their homes. Many women had no real responsibilities, they spent their time having tea parties and socializing with their friends. Henrik Ibsen dared to show the realism of the Vict orian era while everyone else would only focus on the romantic aspect. In the play, â€Å"A Doll House†

F. Kennedy And The Politics Of Expectation - 1852 Words

ohn F. Kennedy and the Politics of Expectation  · The lasting effects of FDR’s New Deal were that Americans came to look to Washington for the solution to the nation’s problems. o This continued with John F. Kennedy, who had a plan known as the â€Å"New Frontier†, which was called â€Å"the politics of expectation.† A. The New Politics o In this new system of politics, mass media played an even larger role.  § This was perfect for JFK, as he was not lacking in charisma, style, or personality.  · He graduated from Harvard.  · Inherited his love for politics from his grandfathers, who were both Boston politicians.  · Was a Massachusetts senator.  · And was a WWII hero. o The largest†¦show more content†¦B. The Kennedy Administration o Unlike Eisenhower’s â€Å"hidden-hand presidency,† John F. Kennedy believed in a federal government that was â€Å"visibly active.† o The people Kennedy pulled into his administration to help him do so included†¦  § Former head of Ford, Robert McNamara as secretary of Defense.  § C. Douglas Dillon, a renowned Republican banker, as secretary of Treasury.  § His younger brother, Robert, whose claim to fame was that he had been a hard-hitting investigator of organized crime. o However, not everyone was pleased with these selections.  § â€Å"[They] might be every bit as intelligent as you say, but I’d feel a whole lot better about them if just one of them had run for sheriff once,† said House Speaker Sam Rayburn to Lyndon B. Johnson (who was the Vice President for Kennedy, but longtime friend of Rayburn.) 1. The Bay of Pigs  § In January of 1961, much like America had done a few years before, the USSR Premier Nikita Khrushchev declared that the Soviet Union would support â€Å"wars of national liberation,† wherever they occurred in the world.  · JFK saw this as a challenge, and began formulating plans to halt Cuba from entering into the Soviet sphere.  § Cuba had recently undergone a communist coup and Fidel Castro had taken power in 1959.  · In response, the CIA trained Cuban operatives to create an anti-Castro uprising.  ·

Resort World Sentosa Free Essays

Resorts World Sentosa Private Limited is the leisure and gaming company that owns and operates Singapore’s biggest Integrated Resort, a 49-hectare development called Resorts World Sentosa. The mega resort is located on Singapore’s holiday island of Sentosa. The S$6. We will write a custom essay sample on Resort World Sentosa or any similar topic only for you Order Now 59 billion must-see destination welcomed its first visitors at its soft opening in early 2010. Resorts World Sentosa started operations with the four hotels in January, the Resorts World Casino in February and  Universal Studios Singapore ® family theme park in March, along with  MICE facilities that include one of Asia’s largest Grand Ballrooms. It offers a wide range of entertainment and shows, as well as celebrity chef restaurants, brand-name boutiques and a half-kilometer long shopping and dining Strip named FestiveWalk. Two more hotels, the Marine Life Park and the Maritime Experiential Museum will be added in subsequent phases of the resort’s growth. Resorts World Sentosa is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Genting Singapore Public Limited Company (PLC), a leisure and gaming company listed on the mainboard of the Singapore Exchange. Genting Singapore PLC is part of the Genting Group that is listed in Malaysia. Dining can be a fun experience at Universal Studios Singapore. For some classic American fare, grab a gourmet sandwich at Celebrity Cafe and Bakery or sink your teeth into savory cheese burgers at Mel’s Drive-In. You might just be entertained by dancing and singing servers. Craving for some oriental flavour? Taste authentic Cantonese cuisine at Hollywood China Bistro or go for South East Asian favourites like noodles and curries at Casa Del Wild. Be it fine-dining or a quick casual lunch you’re after, it’ll be full-filling and fabulous! 3. 2. Service Quality This problem may occur every time even from professional staff, especially, untrained or unqualified staff. For example, when guests want to know some products such as wine list details, they can ask every staff, current F;amp;B staff, rotated staff, or casual staff, because they assume all staff are trained with basic of service knowledge. If a staff gives haphazard information, they will not judge only the staff but also the hotel. 3. 2. 2 Negative brand image When guests are unhappy with poor service, they love to complain to the staff. Dissatisfied guest may never return to use your service again because they do not believe that the service is not worth for their expense. Moreover, dissatisfied guests often tell about bad experience to their friends. This is call negative word of mouth. Negative word of mouth is the most powerful to make the business goes down because people like to ask other people for recommendation ; furthermore, it is the easiest way to find in internet. Most people love to know the bad experience more than good one. So the brand image is used very long time for recovery 1. Personal Benefits ;amp; experiences Having internship in Universal Studio Singapore was a great opportunity for me. In there, I worked in fine dining restaurant for 3 months, another 3 months was fast food restaurant. Honestly, I have gained many experiences from them. In fine dining restaurant KT’s Grill and fast food restaurant Celebrity Cafe ;amp;Bakery are totally different, no matter atmosphere, service standard. Western outlet it focuses on the service quality and cafe more concentrate at the service efficiency. So the internship not only shows me that what theoretical knowledge I have to study or learn more but also shows me as the career pathway. Additionally the wok experience will also help build an excellent resume (including relevant work experience) for when I’m out of the classroom and getting a job. 1. 1 F;amp;B operating knowledge Six months working experiences in 2 restaurant, gives me a better understanding about the nature of F;amp;B industry. In western restaurant KT’s Grill, the most important part is the table service â€Å"Table Service† is a restaurant industry term that can mean either the presentation of food to patrons by waiters, or the place settings present on each table. Restaurants without either are usually referred to as â€Å"counter service† establishments. Most fast-food chains fall within this category, as patrons must place their orders, collect their food, and pick up any needed utensils at a centrally located counter, just like my second outlet, celebrity cafe. Table service establishments are usually more expensive, but more work is involved on the restaurant’s part both to set and clear tables and to present food to order. When taken to mean place settings, service typically consists of utensils, a napkin, and a water glass or goblet. After customers order food, a filled dish is added to complete the place setting. Depending on the type of meal typically served, much more may also be included. Traditional Western table service has several types and sizes of spoons, forks, and knives. Larger spoons are for soup, while smaller ones are used for eating dessert or stirring coffee. All place settings have a standard-sized dinner fork, while smaller forks are used for salad and dessert. Steak knives as well as duller, butter-type knives for bread may also be included. Talking about the table delivery, it can create challenges. It is not always easy for me to hold a food and drink-packed tray upright while weaving through dining tables and watching out for other guests at first. Waiters must often spend a lot of time practicing in order to ensure flawless delivery. Many restaurants spend a great deal of time thinking about the message their table service sends. Preparing dishes directly in front of the customer typically takes more time per dish, and is costly in terms of staff attention. If it helps promote a certain ambiance, however, it is usually worth it. Like our restaurant, it is an open kitchen which the guests can see the process how the chef cooking the food. The same is true with staff appearance. Servers who are dressed well, in formal wear, female staff wear white blouse and black skirt, and male staff wear black pant. It often projects a certain image that is lost when they come to the table in jeans. Usually, restaurants design all aspects of their table service to reflect the sort of ambiance they want to create. Fine dining restaurant may have well worn cutlery as its table service, while expensive eateries tend to have more elegant tableware. The decor in restaurants is also crucial as patrons are often eating not just for the food, but also for the overall experience. Everything from the quality and color of the tablecloth to the presence of flowers and overall durability of flatware and goblets plays a part in projecting the image and feel of the establishment. When comes to the menu, it is difficult for us to understand the English menu, because not familiar with the name of food, especially in English version, like striplion, banger;amp;mash, and some desserts as well. Moreover, we have to know what kind of sauce in it, the ingredients†¦ It is a huge challenge for me at first, I have to go through the menu everyday, this practice slowly established a basic knowledge in my mind about the food and beverage that we usually served. And after a week, I can take order everyday, which quickly deepen my understanding all the items in the menu. We must be knowledgeable about the food and beverage so that we will able to answer and handle any question or problems the guest may have. While after I transfer to Celebrity Cafe, 1. 2 Service Sequence Seat the guest ;amp; pass them the menu ;amp;unfold the napkin for them -After order, offer the bread before Appetizer? -Sever the appetizer first – When theoretical experience meets real work experience, it shows many benefits between a management trainee who has knowledge and staff who has work experience and knowledge. The benefits can be knowledge sharing because the trainee will use his/her knowledge to solve the problem, on the other hand, the staff will use his/her experience. For other benefits, the trainee can be realized that the selected position or department is suitable for them for choosing career pathway in the future. How to cite Resort World Sentosa, Papers

Dramatic Tension free essay sample

How does J. B. Priestley create dramatic tension at the end of act two? Events throughout the Act lead to the dramatic tension at the end of act two such as the gradual build up towards the shock of Eric as the father of Eva’s unborn child; Mrs Birling’s swift change form outright confidence to devastation at the end of act two and Eric’s entrance just as Mrs Birling has claimed that the father of Eva’s unborn child should take sole responsibility for the suicide. Priestley creates this dramatic tension at the end of act two in order to set up eager anticipation for the continuance of the action in Act three. At the beginning of Act two the audience expects the story to move onto Gerald’s confession. But instead, Priestley delays the action by shifting the audience’s attention to Sybil and Sheila, insisting that they should be allowed to hear what Gerald has to say. This builds tension and increases the audience’s curiosity. Priestley also increases tension by having the Inspector release information bit by bit. He shows the photo(s) to one person at a time and positions himself so the others can’t see – the characters, like the audience, are kept on their toes. Priestley creates dramatic tension at the end of act two by slowly building up to the revelation that Eric is, in fact, the father of Eva’s unborn child. Although this is not clearly stated in the Act, the audience have figured it out because of Sheila’s ‘growing hysteria’ and Eric’s obvious anxiety since the beginning of the play. The audience’s assumption that Eric is the father is almost confirmed when Mrs Birling bids the Inspector goodnight and the inspector replies with, â€Å"Not yet. I’m waiting. † Mrs Birling asks the Inspector what he’s waiting for and the inspector says, â€Å"To do my duty†. Because Eric is absent from the house at this point, we see that the Inspector is probably waiting for Eric. Priestley freezes the action between acts to create tension. Act one ends with the Inspector asking â€Å"Well? † Act two opens with the same moment. The audience will wonder about the answer to his question during the break, which builds the suspense. The end of Act two is another cliff hanger. The front door slams, announcing Eric’s return, but Priestley makes the audience wait until Act three for Eric’s confession. Also Mrs Birling’s idea that the father must take responsibility for Eva Smith’s/Daisy Renton’s suicide (without knowing that her son, Eric, is the father) creates dramatic tension. When Sheila works out that Eric might well be the father of Daisy Renton’s child, we see the irony in that Mrs Birling has not realised and is unwittingly demanding that an example be made of her own son. Due to the fact that Sheila knows that Eric is the father, she tries to stop her mother when she says that the father should take responsibility. To begin with, Mrs Birling states that the Inspector should â€Å"go and look for the father of the child. She adds that it is the Inspector’s â€Å"business to make [the father] responsible. (This idea of â€Å"business† and â€Å"duty† is a recurring motif in the play). Finally, Mrs Birling declares that the father is â€Å"entirely responsible† and should be made to â€Å"accept his responsibilitiesà ¢â‚¬ . The way in which J. B. Priestley structures Mrs Birling’s remarks about the father (as if it is a growing idea in her mind) and the repetition of the word ‘responsibility’, increases the dramatic tension because the audience have figured out that Eric is the father and Mrs Birling will attempt to take back what she has said. The contrast between Sheila’s increasingly excitable language, Mrs Birling’s high-handed and moralistic language and the Inspector’s calm, controlled and understated comments increases our awareness of the dramatic irony being played out for us. Dramatic tension is created through the contrast between the younger and older generations. Priestley presents Arthur and Sybil Birling as having very traditional views-they think that they know best, that children should be seen and not heard, and they don’t like their authority to be challenged. They represent the views of the middle class. By questioning their old-fashioned personal views, Priestley also questions their obsession with social class-he’s suggesting that the whole class system is out of touch and needs to be reformed. The younger generation are different. Some are ambitious, determined and motivated-Eva/Daisy â€Å"had a lot to say – far too much†. Her courage is the main reason Birling sacked her. The younger generation are shown as challenging the authority of their elders. This threatens Birling, who tells them they’d â€Å"better keep quiet†. In this play, Eric and Sheila learn that they are responsible for their actions and that their decisions affect other people. Because the younger generation learn their lesson, there’s a chance for an equal and fairer society in the future. Mrs Birling – â€Å"He ought to be dealt with very severely-† Sheila – â€Å"(with sudden alarm) Mother-stop-stop! † Mrs Birling’s insistence that the father of the unborn child should take responsibility for Eva Smith’s death contrasts with Sheila’s growing hysteria. Sheila-â€Å"Go on mother you might as well admit it†, Sheila’s understanding of why the Inspector is there and what has happened contrasts with her mother’s blind arrogance. Dramatic irony is created by the way that Mrs Birling describes Sheila as â€Å"behaving like a hysterical child†. This is ironic because Sheila is acting more mature than Mrs Birling and Mrs Birling is acting more like a child. Throughout the Act, Sheila is silenced by her Mother and Father many times even though, because she has grasped the situation, they should be listening to her. Dramatic tension is also created by the emotional reaction of Mr and Mrs Birling to the news of Eric’s role in the ‘chain of events’. Mrs Birling is pushy near the start of the Act but, as the act progresses, she begins to see what is happening and she ‘exchanges frightened glances’ with her husband. Both Mr and Mrs Birling are unaware of the truth until the very end of the Act, however, Sheila acknowledges and understands what has happened roughly halfway through the Act. This shows a level of immaturity in Mr and Mrs Birling, whereas Sheila (who has been treated like a child up until this point) comes across as very mature. She accepts the truth and takes the blame for her actions whereas Mr and Mrs Birling are not even remotely close to doing this. Mrs Birling pushes the blame onto her own husband by saying that â€Å"it wasn’t I who had her turned out of her employment – which probably began it all†. The sentences are fairly long throughout the Act until the end when everyone acknowledges that Eric is the father. At this point, the sentences become very short and exclamatory â€Å"My God! But – look here –†. This gives the effect that Mr and Mrs Birling are utterly gobsmacked and lost for words and refuse to believe â€Å"that [their] boy is mixed up in this†. The family all start seated, but by the end there are people standing, shouting, drinking and crying – it’s a dramatic but slow change in how the stage looks and sounds. Finally, dramatic tension is created through the way in which Eric is portrayed to us and, in particular, his dramatic and well-timed entrance at the end of the act. It is clear from the start of the act that Eric is anxious about something. His entrance at the end of act two ‘looking pale and distressed’ increases the tension and makes everyone more eager for Eric’s involvement to be revealed. The audience is also likely to have understood the fact that Eric is the father of the unborn child. This creates dramatic irony, which in turn, increases the dramatic tension. The fact that Eric will now have to face this truth and the consequences of his mother’s comments also increases the dramatic tension.

Telecommunication Industry in Bangladesh Comparing Grameen Phone and Mobile Operator Aktel Essay Example

Telecommunication Industry in Bangladesh: Comparing Grameen Phone and Mobile Operator Aktel Essay Executive summery | Telecommunication industry is a booming sector in Bangladesh which is leading by Grameen phone and followed by the some mobile operator like Aktel, Banglalink, Warid telecom, City cell, Teletalk. This study is basically on Aktel; rationally we have taken Grameenphone as a benchmark. Aktel is one of the early comers in the mobile sector but its current position is not satisfactory. Their progress is not significant in comparison to Grameen phone and other existing operator. This study tried to scrutinize the gap between them from the perspective of quality service. We have made this comparison on the basis of some criteria such as customer care center, network capacity, customer satisfaction, corporate social responsibility, internet facility, employee satisfaction, brand image number of subscriber. This study has found some limitations of Aktel on the basis of above criteria, tried to recommend some suggestion to reduce the gap. |Introduction | Aktel is the third largest mobile phone company in terms of revenue and subscribers (8. 59 million as of February 2009). In terms of earning profit, Aktel was the second position in 2008 secured 3rd place in market position. It is the first mobile phone operator in the country to give GPRS service to the subscribers. Aktel launched its operation on the 15th November 1997 in Dhaka and on 26 March 1998 in Chittagong. Aktel started its journey with the earnest efforts of late Mr. Zahir uddin khan. Now Aktel stake is being shared by telecom Malaysia, Axiata, Docomo along with A. K. We will write a custom essay sample on Telecommunication Industry in Bangladesh: Comparing Grameen Phone and Mobile Operator Aktel specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Telecommunication Industry in Bangladesh: Comparing Grameen Phone and Mobile Operator Aktel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Telecommunication Industry in Bangladesh: Comparing Grameen Phone and Mobile Operator Aktel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Khan. Though Aktel has started its journey since 1997 it was the 2nd telecommunication company in Bangladesh. But the position the Aktel should be is yet to be achieved. Moreover, some new coming companies are gaining more market share instead of Aktel such as Banglalink, Warid. Though the early comer, Aktel is losing its market position in comparison with other mobile phone operators in Bangladesh. That’s why our survey tried to identify the reasons why Aktel cannot become the market leader. So we have selected a benchmark to make comparison with logically it is Grameen phone. Grameen phone, the giant mobile operator with the largest subscriber, operating in Bangladesh since 1997. At present Grameen phone is the only operator achieving profit and leading the market. Our survey tried to find out the gap between Grameen phone Aktel as well as present some suggestion to overcome the problem. |Objectives limitation | Objectives ? To identify present conditions of AKTEL in mobile phone service sector To identify the key performance variable with benchmark ? Specify programs and actions to reduce the gap with benchmark ? To evaluate the future potentiality of AKTEL to be the market leader ? To ensure proper guideline for strategic advantages. Limitation ? Sources were not enough. ? Unwilling to provide information due to security. ? There are little information regarding this sector ? Shortage of time. ? Lack of secondary data |Scope of the study | This study has showed the significant difference between the Grameenphone and Aktel in the term of their operatio n. †¢ This study has attempted to focus on the qualitative difference between the two companies. †¢ The relative parties can find some view about their current position †¢ This study has provided some suggestion to overcome the current problems. |Methodology | Two types of data are generally used to prepare a research paper such as primary data and secondary data. We have tried our best to collect both data information and have tried firm intention to emphasis on primary data as it is often up to date and more useful than any public information. We have visited both Aktel and Grameen phone center to collect actual and reliable data as we can make the report fruitful. We have also collected secondary data including internet, magazine, journal, periodical, and other publications. |Background of the study | Bangladesh, a country with 150 million people, is a potential market for the mobile phone company. To capture this potential market, some renowned and famous telecommunication companies have immerged in the recent years. From the very beginning city cell was the pioneer of the mobile industry, and then successively Grameenphone and Aktel have commenced their operation. In the course of time, Grameenphone has achieved a significant position leaving the other operator behind. Emergence of the two new companies Banglalink and Warid telecom have made this market more competitive than ever before. At the same time being an earlier mobile operator Aktel position is not expected at all. That why we have chosen Aktel to make the study with. For the logical reasons, Grameenphone is our benchmark. This study tried to find out the significant gap between Grameenphone and Aktel as well as to recommend some suggestions. |1. 1 Aktel in brief | Aktel is a dynamic and leading countrywide GSM communication solutions provider. It is a joint Venture company between Axiata and NTT Docomo, Japan. Aktel was officially commenced its operations in 1997 among the pioneers GSM mobile telecommunications provider in Bangladesh. Covering all 64 districts of the country, Aktel has become the first mobile operator to connect Tetulia and Teknaf, the northern and southern most points of Bangladesh and the first to provide seamless coverage along the Dhaka-Chittagong highway. Aktel supports 2G voice, CAMEL phase 2 and GPRS/EDGE service with high speed internet connectivity. It has the widest International Roaming coverage in Bangladesh connecting 440 operators across 203 countries. Aktel’s GSM service is based on a robust network architecture and cutting edge technology such as Intelligent Network (IN), which provides peace-of-mind solutions in terms of voice clarity, extensive nationwide network coverage, and multiple global partners for international roaming. Aktel customer centric solution includes value added services (VAS), quality customer care, easy access call centers, digital network security, and flexible tariff rates. With its strengths and competencies developed over the years, Aktel aims to provide the best quality service experience in terms of coverage and connectivity to its customers all over Bangladesh. |1. 2 Motto of Aktel | Vision: To be the leader as a Telecommunication Service Provider in Bangladesh. Mission: Aktel aims to achieve its vision through being number ‘one’ not only in terms of market share, but also by being an employer of choice with up-to-date knowledge and products geared to address the ever changing needs. Theme: Aktel always strives to uphold the dictum ‘Customer First’. Quality Policy: Aktel is committed to achieving leadership in customer satisfaction by continually improving its processes, products and services to ensure they consistently exceed customers’ requirements. We will develop and implement technology and infrastructure that enable us to be clearly ahead in Bangladesh and to enhance the mobility experience of our customers. |1. 3 Services of Aktel | Prepaid (furti): Prepaid Kingdom of Aktel offers all its Prepaid customers: †¢ Single prepaid package with the best rates in the market †¢ Different tariff plans in one package to meet different types of needs †¢ Instant, easy multiple migration facility from one tariff plan to another   †¢ 5 FnF to any operator mobile with one Aktel partner facility †¢ Full BTCL  connectivity with FREE BTCL  incoming †¢ Economy ISD (EISD) facility to call 55 countries of the world by dia ling 012 †¢ Extended and simplified refill validity for ease and freedom †¢ Nationwide Easy Load facility Nationwide Internet connectivity †¢ All available Value Added Services (e. g. SMS, MMS, GoonGoon, ringtone, wallpaper, games, animation downloads) Prepaid Tariff: |Normal tariff (without VAT) | |Particulars |TK. /min | |Outgoing |12am to 4pm |4pm to 12am | | |To Aktel |0. 8 |1. 48 | | |To other Operator |1. 48 |1. 48 | | |To Aktel FnF |0. 68 |0. 68 | | |To Other mobile operator FnF |0. 68 |0. 68 | | |To Aktel partner |0. 40 |0. 40 | | |To BTCL (Local/NWD) |1. 48 |1. 8 | | |To  International (IDD/EIDD)* |Only IDD/E-IDD Charges | |Incoming | |From  any number worldwide |Free | |Pulse | |Outgoing |60 sec from 1st minute | | |*For IDD E-IDD-15 sec pulse | Get a new connection: †¢ Package price Tk. 98 †¢ Welcome gift of Tk. 25 talk-time upon activation (applicable for any purpose) †¢ 60 days validity on activation †¢ Default tariff plan will be  Simple (with migration facility) †¢ Available at Aktel Customer Care, Aktel Care Point all the mobile outlets nationwide Aktel Postpaid: †¢ Call setup charge applicable for all calls  under simple plan. †¢ Line Rent Waived if monthly usage exceeds TK 500 (excluding monthly subscription fee e. g. Goon Goon subscription fee, Aktel PA etc) or if  customer subscribes unlimited GPRS . †¢ For IDD and E-IDD-15 sec pulse from 1st Minute. †¢   Conditions apply. Postpaid tariff:   Out going Voice Calls |  Any Operator |  BDT 1/min | | |  Aktel To BTCL |  BDT 1/min | | |  Aktel To International (IDD/E-IDD charges) |  Only IDD/E-IDD Charges | | |  FnF: Any Operator |  BDT 0. 68/min | | |  FnF: BTCL |  BDT 0. 68/min | | |  Partner Number |  BDT 0. 5/min | |  SMS   |  Any Operator |  BDT 1/SMS | | |  International |BDT  2/SMS | |  Connection Fee Others |  Connection Price |  BDT 499 | | |  Credit Limit |  BDT 300 | | |  Line Rent |  BDT 100 | | |  Pulse |  30 sec | | | | | |1. 4 Time wise achievement | [pic] 2. 1Grameenphone in Brief [pic] Grameenphone is now the leading telecommunications service provider in the country with more than 20 million subscribers as of June 2008. Presently, there are about 30 million telephone users in the country, of which, a little over one million are fixed-phone users and the rest mobile phone subscribers. Starting its operations on March 26, 1997, the Independence Day of Bangladesh, Grameenphone has come a long way. It is a joint venture enterprise between Telenor (62%), the largest telecommunications service provider in Norway with mobile phone operations in 12 other countries, and Grameen Telecom Corporation (38%), a non-profit sister concern of the internationally acclaimed micro-credit pioneer Grameen Bank. Over the years, Grameenphone has always been a pioneer in introducing new products and services in the local market. GP was the first company to introduce GSM technology in Bangladesh when it launched its services in March 1997. The technological know-how and managerial expertise of Telenor has been instrumental in setting up such an international standard mobile phone operation in Bangladesh. Being one of the pioneers in developing the GSM service in Europe, Telenor has also helped to transfer this knowledge to the local employees over the years. November 28, 1996 Grameenphone was offered a cellular license in Bangladesh by the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications. March 26, 1997 Grameenphone launched its service on the Independence Day of Bangladesh. November 5, 2006 After almost 10 years of operation, Grameenphone has over 10 million subscribers. September 20, 2007 Grameenphone announces 15 million subscribers. The company has so far invested more than BDT 10,700 core (USD 1. 6 billion) to build the network infrastructure since its inception in 1997. It has invested over BDT 3,100 crore (USD 450 million) during the first three quarters of 2007 while BDT 2,100 crore (USD 310 million) was invested in 2006 alone. Grameenphone is also one the largest taxpayers in the country, having contributed nearly BDT 7000 core in direct and indirect taxes to the Government Exchequer over the years. Of this amount, over BDT 2000 core was paid in 2006 alone. Since its inception in March 1997, Grameenphone has built the largest cellular network in the country with over 10,000 base tations in more than 5700 locations. Presently, nearly 98 percent of the countrys population is within the coverage area of the Grameenphone network. Grameenphone was also the first operator to introduce the pre-paid service in September 1999. It established the first 24-hour Call Center, introduced value-added services such as VMS, SMS, fax and data transmission services, international roaming service, WAP, SMS-based push-pull services, EDGE, personal ring back tone and many other products and services. The entire Grameenphone network is also EDGE/GPRS enabled, allowing access to high-speed Internet and data services from anywhere within the coverage area. There are currently nearly 3 million EDGE/GPRS users in the Grameenphone network. In addition, the Village Phone Program, also started in 1997, provides a good income-earning opportunity to more than 210,000 mostly women Village Phone operators living in rural areas. The Village Phone Program is a unique initiative to provide universal access to telecommunications service in remote, rural areas. Administered by Grameen Telecom Corporation, it enables rural people who normally cannot afford to own a telephone to avail the service while providing the VP operators an opportunity to earn a living. Grameenphone nearly doubled its subscriber base during the initial years while the growth was much faster during the later years. It ended the inaugural year with 18,000 customers, 30,000 by the end of 1998, 60,000 in 1999, 193,000 in 2000, 471,000 in 2001, 775,000 in 2002, 1. 16 million in 2003, 2. 4 million in 2004, 5. 5 million in 2005, 11. 3 million in 2006, and it ended 2007 with 16. 5 million customers. |2. 2 Services of Grameenphone | Prepaid service of Grameenphone (Smile): †¢ SMILE subscribers will enjoy reduced tariff of only Tk 1. 50/min (8am-12pm and 4pm-12am) for all GP to GP calls and Tk 2/min to any other operator (8 am-12 am). A call to a BTCL number will cost Tk. 2. During 12 pm to 4 pm tariff for any GP-GP call is 0. 49/min. †¢ Under a promotional offer smile subscribers now can talk to any GP number only at Tk. 0. 49/min  from 12 am to  8 am in the morning. At the same time calls to any other operators will cost Tk. 1. 00/min. †¢ SMS to any GP number and to other local operators  number  is Tk. 1 and international operators are Tk. 2. †¢ 15% VAT will be applicable on all tariffs. Post paid Service (Xplore): Xplore  Postpaid has come up with a very attractive and competitive tariff. |GP-GP | Bangladesh has 52. 3 million subscribers in total, (December 2009) |Rank |Operator |Technology |Subscribers |Ownership | | | | |(in millions) | | |1 |GP |GSM, GPRS, EDGE |23. 26 |Telenor (62%) and Grameen Telecom (38%) | |2 |Banglalink |GSM, GPRS, EDGE |13. 87 |Orascom Telecom (100%) | |3 |Aktel |GSM, GPRS, EDGE |9. 29 |Axiata Group Berhad (70%) and NTT DoCoMo(30%) | |4 |Warid |GSM, GPRS, EDGE |2. 9 |Warid Telecom (30%), | | | | | |AIRTEL (70%) | |5 |City cell |CDMA2000 1x, CDMA2000 1xEvDO |1. 95 |Pacific Group, Far East Telecom Limited, SingTel | | | |Rev. A | |(45%) | |6 |Teletalk |GSM, GPRS, EDGE |1. 07 |State-owned | [pic] 3. 1 Comparison between Aktel and Grameen phone profit Grameenphone: Grameenphone is the leader in the market in achieving profit at a high rate. Grameenphone have secured 1st position in earning profit. Aktel: Aktel is at second position in earning profit as if Aktel is more earlier and experienced company but still it is struggling in mobile industry. Entering the share market Grameenphone: Grameenphone has already entered into share market. So people of our country have got a change to invest on share market that is necessary for our economic growth. Aktel: In this case, Aktel is yet to move for share market. We have come to know that there is a possibility to enter into share market in next year but the initiative should have taken early. Advertisement and promotional activities Grameenphone: promotional activities of Grameenphone are far reaching. Grameenphone put emphasis largely on promotional activities that have enhanced its popularity among the people irrespective of age, class personality. Aktel: promotional activities of Aktel are not something special to mention about. Their contribution in this sector is insufficient comparing to other operators. There promotional activities necessaries more attention in this sector to compete in this competitive mobile industry. Network coverage Grameenphone: Grameenphone have strong network coverage that is out of reach than any other operator in Bangladesh. They are covering 98% area of country. Actually general people chose Grameenphone more because of their strong network coverage. Aktel: Aktel network coverage is not so much weak but still insufficient to challenge Grameenphone in this competitive market. Aktel is just covering 65% area of Bangladesh. [pic] Employee Grameenphone: Grameenphone have significant amount of employees. GP has generated direct and indirect employment for a large number of people over the years. The company presently has more than 5,000 full and  temporary employees. Another 100,000 people are directly dependent on Grameenphone for their livelihood, working for the Grameenphone dealers, retailers, scratch card outlets, suppliers, vendors, contractors and others. Aktel: Aktel has also significant number of employees but not sufficient in comparison with the grameenphone. The company presently has approximately 3500 full and temporary employees. Another 7000 people are directly dependent on Grameenphone for their livelihood, working for the Grameenphone dealers, retailers, scratch card outlets, suppliers, vendors, contractors and others. [pic] corporate social responsibility [pic] Corporate social responsibility, as we see it, is a ‘complementary combination of ethical and responsible corporate behavior, as well as a commitment towards generating greater good for the society by addressing the development needs of the country. Our core strategy in this area is to be Bangladeshs partner in developing the country, particularly in its promise, as a United Nations Millennium Declaration signatory, to meet the eight targets known as the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. We have consolidated our social investment initiatives in four core areas related to the Millennium Development Goals namely, †¢ Poverty alleviation, †¢ Healthcare, †¢ Empowerment †¢ Education Grameenphone with Bangladesh cricket: Grameenphone is one of the fanatic patronizes of the Bangladesh cricket team. They have extended their helping hand towards they Bangladesh cricket any time when needed. They have sponsored of many cricket series not only in Bangladesh but also in abroad. As cricket is a popular game in Bangladesh, so Grameenphone is achieving much popularity through sponsoring the cricket team. [pic] Aktel is always committed to the society. In fact, 2005 2006 were a year of exploration into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for Aktel. To actively identify and start establishing Aktel as a concerned entity devoted to the development of many social interests throughout greater Bangladesh based on four core values. These are enlightened through education, Assure better health, Protect environment and Fight with poverty. In recognition of its CSR effort, Aktel is the first among all mobile phone operators to win prestigious â€Å"Standard Chartered-Financial Express Corporate Social Responsibility Award-2006†. Aktel believes education platform remains the main focus to develop a nation. To ensure an early jump into technology and intellectual transfer, Aktel has established a tradition of providing scholarships every year to three promising individuals to complete their higher studies in Multimedia University in Cyberjaya, Malaysia. To provide a world-class teaching and learning resources for Bangladeshi professionals Aktel joined hand with Chittagong Skills Development Centre (CSDC), Underprivileged Childrens Educational Programs (UCEP-Bangladesh), etc. Aktel also aims to identify and supports indeed those in need of basic infrastructure to practice the fundamentals of Islam. This contribution goes in building orphanages and renovations of mosques all across the Bangladesh. To improve living condition of distressed people; Aktel has always been providing support to them. As a shared concern with the society at large, Aktel also focused towards the roaming street children found throughout Bangladesh. Not only will Aktel continue its thrust towards identifying involving itself with more avenues for CSR activities, we encourage the fellow enterprise of Bangladesh to participate in such activities on a regular basis. By becoming more aware of living social community, Aktel can certainly see so many areas to be involved in. Only through concerted efforts of the private sector, there will be emerged a socially responsible collective consciousness CSR Highlights Aktel –Daily Star EIS (English in School) launched |  [pic] | Aktel The Daily Star have jointly initiated   English in Schools ( EIS), a language learning program   to promote English language learning at secondary schools across the country. Under the three-year programmed, three complimentary copies of The Daily Star will be distributed to around 1,000 schools each in 64 districts five days a week. Every week, there will be a special page containing materials on English language useful for teachers and students in and outside the school. Aktel stands besides cold affected underprivileged people of the city: Aktel, one of the largest cellular phone operators in Bangladesh has joined hands with Anjuman-Mufidul-Islam, a hundred years old civic organization in distributing blankets to the underprivileged people of the city. Aktel joined hands with SEID trust: To rehabilitate children with disabilities especially intellectual and multiple disabilities into mainstream society and to facilitate activities directed towards ensuring the rights of such children, Aktel, country’s largest telecom service provider joined its hands with SEID (Special Education for Intellectually Disabled) Trust, a non- governmental voluntary organization. Aktel stands besides SOMA: Aktel commenced for SMS campaign in raising funds for the treatment of Ms. Soma Akter (17), who was suffering from terminal illness of thalasimia (blood cancer). [pic] Aktel in Bishwa Estema 2008 Aktel had taken initiative of executing various activities in Bishwa Estema, the 2nd largest Muslim gathering in the world after Holy Hajj in which millions of people came from different parts of the world to participate in this pilgrimage. Among the initiatives, are to provide instant primary aids to the pilgrims through free medical check-up by a team of certified doctors at the Aktel  voluntary medical service point from morning to night. Aktel also served free pure drinking water for the pilgrims of Bishwa Estema. [pic] Aktel-Debate Championship ’08: The Aktel Debate Championship ‘08 was organized by Drishty Chittagong. In the week long program, 7th inter school English debate competition and 1st Inter university English debate competition were held. [pic] Aktel’s contribution for BRAC’s education programme: Aktel, country’s one of the largest cell phone operators assisted in publishing the book titled ‘Nana Desher Nana Manush’ under the nonformal and continuing education program conducted by Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC). The cheque was handed over to The Book Group, the authorized publisher, Mr. Syed Nazmul Abdal, Executive Director of The Book Group. With this financial aid, about 10000 copies of informative children books will be published for non-formal schools run by BRAC. Employee satisfaction Grameenphone: Grameenphone considers its employees to be one of its most important assets. GP has an extensive employee benefit scheme in place including Gratuity, Provident Fund, Group Insurance, Family Health Insurance, Transportation Facility, Day Care Centre, Childrens Education Support, and Higher Education Support for employees, in-house medical support and other initiatives. Aktel: Aktel has also some employee development plan for its employees. Aktel has transportation facilities, festival bonus, insurance facilities, and medical facilities for its employees but in some case grameenphone is more ahead than Aktel. So grameenphone is achieving more employee satisfaction as well as quality service. Taking quick and revolutionary decision Grameenphone: Grameenphone phone was the first mobile company operating in our country, that’s why they have to face several challenging decisions which they have overcame very successfully by their innovative and snatch decisions. Grameenphone internet facilities, entering share market, vital role in CSR programe that efficiently performed by the grameenphone than any other existing mobile operator in Bangladesh. Aktel: Aktel have also introduced some revolationalry and innovative decision in this sector like 10 sec/pulse, e-fill facility, extended validity of balance, balance transfer, 5 FnF offer, and surprising call rate through introducing Aktel joy. Quality customer service Grameenphone: From the very beginning, Grameenphone placed emphasis on providing good after-sales services. In recent years, the focus has been to provide after-sales within a short distance from where the customers live. There are now more than 600 GP Service Desks across the country covering nearly all upazilas of 61 districts. In addition, there are  72 Grameenphone Centers in all the divisional cities and they remain open from 8am-7pm every day including all holidays. Aktel: Customer Care Centers have been established to meet the customer’s needs and demands, under one roof. Staffed with professionals, these Centers cater to any queries that may have regarding AKTEL and its products / services. Any support regarding AKTEL connection, be it as simple as paying your bills or activating any of AKTEL’s innovative value-added services, is available at these Centers. AKTEL has 19 Customer Care Centers and 200 Customer Service Points in 61 allowable districts all over the country. Aktel has another 670 Aktel Touch Points (ATP) scattered along the most densely populated areas. [pic] Providing internet facility Grameenphone: Grameenphone is one of the mobile phone operators who got the internet facility. Recently the popularity of grameenphone internet is sky reaching. Grameenphone has introduced special modem facility @ 3200 only for availing their internet facility and that’s why, now a day’s grameenphone becoming an untouchable leader in the mobile industry. [pic] [pic] [pic] Aktel: On the other hand, Aktel is yet to introduce any such facility for their valuable customers that may drive their subscriber to depend on any other operators. So it is urgent need to provide this facility to retain their valued customers. Introducing hand set Grameenphone: Recently grameenphone has introduced a hand set of their own including camera, internet facility, MMS, FM radio facilities with a minimum cost. Through introducing hand set, grameenphone have touched a new milestone in this sector. Aktel: Aktel have not launched any such mobile phone yet now. They need to give emphasis on this sector to capture new customers. Brand image Grameenphone: Brand image of grameenphone is far better than other mobile phone operator in Bangladesh. So the company is getting more attention by the general people. Aktel: Aktel brand image is also lucrative to the people but in this term grameenphone has achieved more success whereas Aktel clearly lagging behind. |Recommendation | †¢ Network capacity of Aktel should be enhanced to capture more customers. Customer care center facilities should be developed and available to the existing customers. †¢ Advertisement promotional activities of Aktel should be up to the mark. †¢ Employee satisfaction should be ensured to get quality work. †¢ Corporate social responsibility should be performed more to create a lucrative impression. †¢ Internet facilities should be provided to cope up with this competitive market. †¢ Aktel sh ould take some steps to enter into share market. †¢ Value added services should be increased. †¢ Quality customers’ services must be ensured. |Conclusion | Mobile phone industry has brought about a silent revolution and a radical change in our standard of living. This sector is very attractive to the companies eventually, it is being more competitive day by day. So to survive in this competitive market, the company should be more careful about the satisfying customer needs. This study has showed why a company like Aktel is lagging behind then the leader. So there have a little bit concern for the Aktel to improve their service quality as well as their market position. So it is high time to come forward with the comprehensive movement to achieve the expected position in the current market. [pic][pic]

An Englishman in New York †The Problem Of UK-US English in Freelance Writing

An Englishman in New York – The Problem Of UK-US English in Freelance Writing An Englishman in New York The Problem Of UK-US English in Freelance Writing An Englishman in New York The Problem Of UK-US English in Freelance Writing By Colin Some people see the differences between American English and British English as a problem. I see them as an interesting challenge. And although the title to this article might indicate that I’m English, I am in fact, a British Scot. I am also fully aware there is more to the United States of America than the wonderful state of New York, but I felt it made a good title, so I went with it. Why Has This Difference Come About? The English language arrived in the Americas with the advent of British colonization in the early 17th century. As the British Empire grew, so too did the language, which by 1921 had incorporated around a quarter of the world’s population (approximately 470–570 million people). Since that time, the form of English used in the Americas (particularly in the USA) and that used in the UK, have diverged in many subtle ways, leading to the individual dialects now more commonly known as American English and British English, or on Microsoft Word, as US English and UK English. What Are The Differences? The main differences that have developed between the two strains of English include pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, spelling, punctuation, idioms, and date formatting. A few words have even developed completely different meanings, which can mean something in one dialect, but be a source of embarrassment or insult in the other. Some words may not even be used or are unknown to the other. What Is The Impact? As a freelance writer working from home, I am frequently assigned jobs by companies and individuals, more often than not, from the USA. Telecommuting is an area of freelance writing that I enjoy; working with a local Bed and Breakfast on an advertising leaflet one day, and writing a press release for a US-based dot com client the next. It’s exciting and provides a great way to earn a living. But as this kind of work increases, more often than not I am asked to write articles or essays in the target audience’s own version of the English language. In most cases, this means adapting my work into US English. Is There A Right One Above All Others? No. Clearly it depends on several factors, such as intended readership or editorial preference. A freelance writer should take guidance from both the publication type and the editor when deciding which to use. Where the issue becomes cloudy is when you have a large company with a global audience, or with a company that has separate websites covering different geographical locations. I’ve worked with clients in the past that required two separate articles to be submitted for every one assignment, i.e., one copy of an article in US English for their .com website, and the other in UK English for their .co.uk website. Websites such as our very own Daily Writing Tips, has a global readership, yet the difference in language expectation is highlighted where one readership is of greater number than the other. And so an article written naturally in UK English may stand out against the eye of the US English reader. What Then, For The Freelance Writer? Make a judgment call based on the publication’s intended readership. If there is no information available or it’s too hard to pinpoint, ask the editor. Always remember, though, in the world of freelance writing for the Internet, you won’t be able to please all the people all of the time. But above all, make sure the content is interesting and topical, because if it isn’t relevant, no one will even read it to spot where the differences are. Footnote: Did anyone notice this article was written in US English purely for the benefit of DWT’s US-English speaking readership? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative ConflictThe Possessive Apostrophe25 Idioms About Bread and Dessert

Describe and discuss how OSHA makes use of Section 5(a)(1) of the Act Assignment

Describe and discuss how OSHA makes use of Section 5(a)(1) of the Act - Assignment Example 1). For the clause to be invoked, there must be a hazard that is existing although there are consensus standards (as agreed upon) which exposes an employee to potential physical injury or even possibly serious harm such as hospitalization or death. Hazard here means danger, and it is quite subjective but as long as there is potential injury or harm, then a hazardous situation exists. The hazard must be recognized or evident, such as a construction worker who is above a scaffold that is ten feet high but working without a safety belt or no rails were being provided by the construction company. The law requires safety measures (belt or rails) for anyone who works at more than six feet in any construction-related project to prevent accidental falls. A fall at more than six feet height is very likely to cause serious physical harm, such as a broken arm, broken leg or a broken neck (resulting in paralysis) or even much worse, death (if the worker happens to fall head first). Just because no accident has happened yet does not mean a hazard does not exist, and the General Duty Clause is precisely intended to prevent accidents. The employer (construction firm) must provide abatement measures that will reduce or eliminate the hazard from an accidental fall, such as issuing safety belts or building those rails. It is feasible or easily doable by the company but may entail some additional expense on its